Teacher_Grade 10_Life Science_Term1_Week 2

Teacher  Comprehensive Lesson Video 

CAPS Standards Content

✅ CAPS-prescribed Content Standards

Learners must be able to:

  1. Use a microscope to investigate cell structure and apply correct handling and safety practices.

  2. Describe and explain the development of the Cell Theory and the work of scientists such as Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow.

  3. Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, with examples.

  4. Recognize the cell as the basic structural and functional unit of life in all organisms.

🧠 Cognitive and Process Skills (from CAPS Life Sciences Guidelines)

Learners should develop the ability to:

  • Observe and record microscopic structures

  • Compare different cell types

  • Communicate biological knowledge using scientific terminology

  • Apply theory to practical experiences (e.g., microscope work)

  • Evaluate information (e.g., role of scientists in Cell Theory)

Learning Objectives

🎯 Learning Objectives

By the end of this week, learners should be able to:

  1. Identify and label the parts of a light microscope and describe their functions.

  2. Demonstrate proper use and care of a microscope during basic cell observation.

  3. Explain the key principles of the Cell Theory and name the scientists who contributed to its development.

  4. Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of structure and examples.

  5. Describe the basic structure and function of key cell components including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.

Teacher Notes -Microscope

🔬 1. Microscopes: Use and Care

✅ Definition:

A microscope is an instrument used to magnify small objects that are not visible to the naked eye.

🔧 Parts of a Light Microscope:

FunctionEyepiece (ocular lens)Magnifies the image, usually

10xObjective lensesProvide further magnification (e.g., 4x, 10x, 40x)

StageHolds the slide in place

Light source / mirrorIlluminates the specimen

Coarse adjustment

knobMoves the stage up/down for focus

(low power)Fine adjustment knobFine-tunes the focus (high power)

 

Teacher Notes -Cell Theory

🔬 1. Microscopes: Use and Care

✅ Definition:

A microscope is an instrument used to magnify small objects that are not visible to the naked eye.

🔧 Parts of a Light Microscope:

FunctionEyepiece (ocular lens)Magnifies the image, usually

10xObjective lensesProvide further magnification (e.g., 4x, 10x, 40x)

StageHolds the slide in place

Light source / mirrorIlluminates the specimen

Coarse adjustment

knobMoves the stage up/down for focus

(low power)Fine adjustment knobFine-tunes the focus (high power)

 

Teacher Notes -Types of cells

🧬 2. The Cell Theory

🧠 Key Contributors:

  • Robert Hooke (1665): Observed “cells” in cork

  • Anton van Leeuwenhoek: First to observe living cells

  • Schleiden & Schwann: All plants and animals are made of cells

  • Virchow: All cells come from pre-existing cells

📘 Modern Cell Theory:

  1. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.

  2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.

  3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

  4. Cells contain hereditary material passed to offspring.

  5. All cells have a similar chemical composition and perform similar metabolic activities.

Teacher Notes -Microscope

🔬 1. Microscopes: Use and Care

✅ Definition:

A microscope is an instrument used to magnify small objects that are not visible to the naked eye.

🔧 Parts of a Light Microscope:

FunctionEyepiece (ocular lens)Magnifies the image, usually

10xObjective lensesProvide further magnification (e.g., 4x, 10x, 40x)

StageHolds the slide in place

Light source / mirrorIlluminates the specimen

Coarse adjustment

knobMoves the stage up/down for focus

(low power)Fine adjustment knobFine-tunes the focus (high power)

 

Assessment activities

Assess student understanding of the lesson by asking them to explain the function of a cell and the roles of its different parts. Assess their ability to create and use models to describe the function of a cell as a whole and ways parts of cells contribute to the function.

Assessment & Activities

🔎 Practical:

  • Label a diagram of a microscope

  • View onion cells under a microscope

  • Compare cheek cell and onion cell (animal vs plant)

❓ Questions:

  1. Name three scientists who contributed to cell theory.

  2. List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

  3. What is the function of the coarse adjustment knob?